A Brief Chronology of Jesuit History

Year	Month/Day	Historical event
1507	10/23	The death of Ignatius' father.
1549	10/10	St. Ignatius established the province of India and named as its first provincial St. Francis Xavier.
09/18	09/18	At Rome, Pedro Ribadeneira, aged fourteen, was admitted into the Society by St. Ignatius (nine days before it received official papal confirmation).
1521	05/08	The birth in what is now Nymingen, Netherlands, of Peter Canisius, who decided on his birthday 23 years later that he would enter the Society of Jesus.
1521	05/20	Ignatius was seriously wounded at Pamplona, Spain, while defending its fortress against the French.
1521	06/24	Ignatius received the last sacraments in the castle of Loyola because he was close to death from the wounds he suffered at Pamplona.
1521	06/28	Ignatius miraculously began to recover from his wounds on the eve of the feast of St. Peter.
1522	03/24	At Montserrat on the Vigil of the Annunciation, Ignatius spent the night in prayerful vigil. He had arrived dressed in expensive clothes in the fashion and style of soldiers, but gave those garments to a poor man and donned a simple pilgrim's robe.
1523	03/29	Ignatius' first visit to Rome on his way from Manresa to Palestine.
1523	07/14	Ignatius departed from Venice on his pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
1523	09/04	After several months of sailing and a week of waiting in the harbor at Joppa to disembark, Ignatius finally entered the city of Jerusalem as a pilgrim.
1526	11/19	St. Ignatius was examined by the Inquisition in Alcala, Spain. They were concerned with the novelty of his way of life and his teaching.
1527	04/18	Ignatius was imprisoned for the first time, in Alcala, Spain, where he was studying and conversing with people on spiritual topics.
1527	06/01	Ignatius was thrown into prison after having been accused of having advised two noblewomen to undertake a pilgrimage, on foot, to Compostella.
1528	02/07	Ignatius arrived in Paris to begin his studies anew after his frustration at Alcalá and Salamanca.
1533	03/13	At Paris, in the College of Ste. Barbe, Ignatius completed his course of philosophy.
1534	08/15	Ignatius and six companions – Pierre Faber, Francis Xavier, Diego Laynez, Simäaut; Rodriguez, Alonso Salmerón. Nicolás Bobadilla – took their first vows at a Mass celebrated by Faber at Montmartre in Paris.
1534	09/19	During this period St. Ignatius gave the Spiritual Exercises to St. Francis Xavier when both were students at the University of Paris.
1535	03/14	At Paris Ignatius received the Master of Arts degree with the right to be called "Master Ignatius" as he was thenceforth regularly addressed inside and outside the Society.
1535	07/22	In Paris the first Mass of Blessed Peter Faber.
1536	10/14	In Paris St. Ignatius received his diploma, at age 44, as Master of Arts and Sacred Theology.
1537	05/07	St. Francis Borgia was converted from the vanities of the world by the sight of Empress Isabella’s corpse.
1537	06/10	Ignatius and his companions received minor orders at the house of Bishop Vincenzo Negusanti in Venice, Italy.
1537	06/24	Ignatius, Francis Xavier and five of the companions were ordained priests in Venice, Italy.
1537	10/13	At Venice the Papal Nuncio published his written verdict declaring that St. Ignatius was innocent of all charges which had been leveled against him by his detractors.
1538	11/18	Pope Paul III caused the Governor of Rome to publish the verdict proclaiming the complete innocence of St. Ignatius and his companions of all heresy.
1539	09/03	At his summer residence in Tivoli, outside of Rome, Paul III gave his initial, oral approval of the Society of Jesus when St. Ignatius sent him the “Five Chapters” which described the proposed new religious order.
1540	01/25	The birth of St. Edmund Campion.
1540	06/30	St. Francis Xavier arrived at Lison on his way to India.
1540	09/27	At the Palazzo San Marco in Rome, Pope Paul III signed the Bull “Regimini militantis ecclesiae,” establishing the Society of Jesus as a religious order.
1541	04/07	On his 35th birthday, St. Francis Xavier embarked from the quay of the Tagus River known as the Place of Tears to go to India with two other Jesuits. The voyage took them 13 months.
1541	04/19	On the advice of his confessor, Fra Teodosio da Lodi, a Franciscan, Ignatius accepted the second election which had selected him to be the first superior general of the Society of Jesus.
1541	07/08	Pope Paul III assigned the church of Our Lady of the Way to the Society of Jesus. It was a small church but St. Ignatius highly esteemed its location in the heart of Rome
1541	08/29	At Rome the death of John Codure, a Savoyard, one of the first 10 companions of St. Ignatius.
1542	05/06	St. Francis Xavier reached Goa, India, after more than a year’s journey.
1544	09/01	At Rome, St. Ignatius and his companions took possession of the house of St. Maria della Strada, the first professed house of the Society.
1544	12/16	St. Francis Xavier entered Cochin.
1545	11/23	Jeronimo de Nadal, whom St. Ignatius had known as a student at Paris, entered the Society. Later Nadal was instrumental in getting Ignatius to narrate his autobiography.
1545	12/13	The opening of the Council of Trent to which Jesuits James Laynez and Alphonsus Salmerón were sent as papal theologians and Claude LeJay as theologian of Cardinal Otho Truchses.
1545	12/25	Isabel Roser pronounced her vows as Jesuit together with Lucrezia di Brandine and Francisca Cruyllas in the presence of Ignatius at the church of St. Maria della Strada in Rome.
1546	02/05	At Rome, the death of Pierre Fabre, one of the first companions.
1546	05/19	Pope Paul III sent Diego Laynez and Alfonso Salmeron as his theologians to the Council of Trent.
1546	06/05	Paul III, in his Brief Exponi Nobis, empowered the Society to admit coadjutors, both spiritual and temporal.
1546	10/01	Isabel Roser was released by St. Ignatius from her Jesuit vows after eight months.
1546	10/26	The province of Portugal was established as the first province in the Society, with Simaão Rodrigues as the first provincial.
1547	03/04	Ignatius wrote a letter to Jesuits in Spain on religious perfection
1547	05/20	Pope Paul III acceded to the request that the Society of Jesus not have women as members nor have a parallel women’s order.
1548	01/05	The birth at Granada of Francis Suarez, one of the greatest theologians of the church.
1548	03/18	The arrival of the first Jesuits missioned to Africa by Simon Rodrigues, provincial of Portugal, at the request of the King of Kongo supported by the King of Portugal. They landed at Pinda on March 18, 1548, and made their way two days later to Mbanza Kongo, the capital of the kingdom of Kongo. They were three priests--Jorge Vaz, Cristovao Ribeiro, Jacome Dias-- and a scholastic, Diogo do Soveral.
1548	03/31	Anthony Corduba, rector of the College of Salamanca, begged Ignatius to admit him into the Society so as to escape the cardinalate which Charles V intended to procure for him.
1548	04/08	St. Peter Canisius was sent to Messina to teach rhetoric.
1548	04/16	At Naples the death of William Elphinston, a scholastic novice and scion of the royal house of Scotland, his mother being a Stuart.
1548	07/31	At the behest of St. Francis Borgia, Pope Paul III issued the Brief, "Pastoralis officii" approving the book of the Spiritual Exercises.
1548	10/08	St. Ignatius returned to Rome from Tivoli where he had spent several days diplomatically resolving a conflict between that city and Castel Madama.
1548	12/10	The General of the Dominicans wrote in defense of the Society of Jesus on seeing it attacked in Spain by Melchior Cano and others.
1549	11/10	At Rome the death of Paul III, to whom the Society owes its first constitution as a religious order.
1549	12/23	St. Francis Xavier was appointed provincial of the newly-erected Indian Province.
1550	07/21	Through his Bull, “Exposcit debitum” Pope Julius III again confirmed the Insitute of the Society.
1551	01/15	St. Francis Borgia wrote to the Emperor Charles V announcing his intention to enter the Society of Jesus and asking leave to resign his dukedom in favor of his eldest son, the Marquis de Lombay.
1551	01/30	St. Ignatius wrote a letter offering to resign as superior general because of ill health.
1551	02/18	The opening in the Piazza Ara Coeli of the first school of the Society of Jesus in Rome, which soon developed into the Roman College, later to be called the Gregorian University.
1551	12/31	St. Francis Xavier left Sancian for Malacca and Goa to prepare for his journey to China.
1552	01/13	At Rome, teachers jealous of the success of the first school opened by Jesuits, invaded the premises and abused the Jesuits teaching there.
1552	10/22	Confirmation by Pope Julius III of the "Privileges" of the Society.
1552	12/02	On the island of Sancian off the coast of China, St. Francis Xavier died.
1553	02/17	Seventy-seven days after St. Francis Xavier's death, his tomb was opened and his body found perfectly incorrupt.
1553	03/26	Ignatius sent his letter on obedience was sent to the Jesuits of Portugal.
1553	06/09	Manuel da Nobrega was named provincial of the Jesuits in Brazil. He was involved in the foundations of the cities of Salvador, Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro.
1553	07/09	St. Ignatius created the Province of Brazil and named Fr. Manuel de Nóbrega as first superior of its 30 Jesuits.
1555	11/13	St. Ignatius made St. Francis Borgia Commissioner General of all the provinces in the Iberian Peninsula and of the Indies subject to Spain and Portugal.
1556	06/07	Peter Canisius became the first provincial of the newly constituted Province of Upper Germany.
1556	07/11	Ignatius, gravely ill, handed over the daily governance of the Society to Juan de Polanco and Cristóbal de Madrid.
1556	07/30	As he lay near to death, Ignatius asked Juona de Polanco to go and obtain for him the pope’s blessings and indulgence.
1556	08/09	After the death of St. Ignatius, Diego Laynez was empowered to govern the Society as vicar until the election of another superior general.
1556	08/30	On the banks of the St. Lawrence River, Leonard Garreau, a young Jesusit missionary, was mortally wounded by the Iroquois.
1557	02/13	Andrew Oviedo, recently consecrated bishop and patriarch of Ethiopia, set sail from Goa for his new see.
1557	06/13	The death of King John III of Portugal, at whose request Xavier and others were sent to India.
1558	03/08	Nicholas Gaudan, disguised as a peddler, entered Scotland as papal nuncio to strengthen Mary Queen of Scots in her allegiance to the faith.
1558	06/03	Francisco de Toledo entered the Society; he was later the first Jesuit to become a Cardinal.
1558	06/19	The opening of the First General Congregation, nearly two years after the death of Ignatius. It was summoned by Father Laynez, the vicar general.
1558	07/02	The election of Diego Laynez as superior general in the First General Congregation. He had been vicar general since the death of Ignatius in 1556.
1558	08/11	In the First General Congregation, after a discussion on the simple vows, it was declared that "nothing should be changed."
1558	09/10	The First General Congregation concluded after it had elected Diego Laínez to succeed St. Ignatius as superior general.
1558	09/29	Jesuits began to keep choir in obedience to an order from Paul IV, later rescinded by his successor.
1559	06/03	A villa at Frascati, outside Rome, was purchased for the fathers and brothers of the Roman College.
1560	07/15	The martyrdom of Ignacio Azevedo along with 39 companions near Palma, one of the Canary Isles. En route to Brazil as missionaries, they were captured by Calvinist corsairs.
1563	03/25	The first Sodality of Our Lady, Prima Primaria, was begun in the Roman College by a young Belgian Jesuit named John Leunis (Leonius).
1563	12/03	At the Council of Trent, the Institute of the Society was approved.
1564	02/22	At Paris, against much opposition a Jesuit school was opened. As Collège Louis-le-Grand, it became one of the greatest schools in the history of the Society.
1564	05/02	Pope Pius V yield to Father General Laynez' request and approved that the Society should have no Cardinal Protector, but be under the pope's immediate protection.
1564	06/05	The death in Lima of Francis Lopez, who had resigned the high office of Visitor General of the Kingdom of Peru to become a brother in the Society.
1564	12/30	Letter from Pope Pius IV to Daniel, Archbishop of Mayence, deploring the malicious and scurrilous pamphlets published against the Society throughout Germany and desiring him to use his influence against the evil.
1565	01/19	The death at Rome of Father General James Lainez, the second superior general of the Society and the pope's theologian at the Council of Trent.
1565	06/21	The Second General Congregation convened, representing 3,500 members in 18 provinces. The congregation elected Francis Borgia superior general and approved 120 decrees before its closure on Sept. 3.
1565	09/20	Under the leadership of Father General Francis Borgia, Sant’Andrea in Quirinale in Rome opened as the first novitiate separate from a colleges or professed house.
1566	01/07	Cardinal Ghislieri was elected pope as Pius V. He was a great friend of St. Francis Borgia and appointed Salmeron and Toletus as apostolic preachers at the Vatican. He imposed the office of choir on the Society.
1566	09/28	The death of Pedro Martinez, the first Jesuit to enter the continental United States. He was killed by natives on the island of Tatacuran, Florida.
1567	10/25	St. Stanislaus Kostka arrived in Rome and was admitted into the Society by St. Francis Borgia.
1567	12/24	Barely 35 years after the Society was founded, the first Jesuits to enter what is now Colombia disembarked at Cartagena on their way to Peru, sent by St. Francis Borgia at the request of King Philip II.
1568	03/09	St. Aloysius Gonzaga was born at Castiglione, Italy, in his father's castle.
1568	04/02	At Rome, the entrance of Blessed Rodolf Acquaviva, aged 17, into the novitiate of San Andrea, where St. Stanislaus was then a novice.
1568	04/29	St. Pius V, by his Brief "Innumerabiles fructus," confirms the Constitutions of Paul II and Julius III regarding the government of colleges, the appointment of rectors by the General, etc.
1568	07/28	In a letter to Christopher Rodriguez, St. Teresa of Avila, speaking of the Society, wrote, “The men of the Society of Jesus are my Fathers, to whom after God my soul owes everything good that it might have.”
1569	08/01	Edmund Campion, convinced of the errors of the new religion, abandoned the University of Oxford and all his brilliant prospects.
1571	02/03	In Florida, the martyrdom of Luis Quiros and two novices, Juan Mendez and Gabriel Solis.
1571	02/25	Francis Borgia is sent by Pius V with Cardinal Alessandrino into Spain and France to try to induce the sovereigns to form a league against the Turks.
1571	03/20	Francis Borgia, seeing little or no fruit from the labors of the Jesuits in Florida, ordered them to withdraw from those missions.
1571	09/13	Ven. Peter Dias and 11 companions, killed by pirates near the Canary Islands en route to Brazil.
1572	05/13	Gregory XIII was elected pope; to him the Society owes the foundation of the Roman and German Colleges.
1572	05/17	Pope Gregory XIII exempted the Society from choir and approved simple vows after two years of novitiate and ordination before solemn profession. In these matters he reversed a decree of St. Pius V.
1572	06/15	Father General Francis Borgia established the Province of Mexico.
1572	07/13	The first band of Jesuit missionaries entered Mexico.
1572	09/28	A group of 14 Jesuits sent by Father General Francis Borgia under the leadership of Father Pedro Sánchez arrived in Mexico City, Mexico to establish the Society's presence.
1572	09/30	The death of St. Francis Borgia, the Duke of Gandia and viceroy of Catalonia before becoming a Jesuit. He became the third superior general of the Society and oversaw the establishment of many schools and the expansion of missionary work
1573	04/12	At Rome, the opening of the third general congregation during which Everard Mercurian was elected superior general.
1573	06/16	The Third General Congregation elected Everard Mercurian, a Belgian, as superior general; Pope Grevory XIII had expressed a wish that the general should not be a Spaniard
1573	08/06	Pope Gregory XIII published his Bull "Postquam Deo placuit," which founded the German College.
1573	09/07	The death of Princess Juana, Regent of Spain, the emperor's daughter. She died as a Jesuit scholastic, having taken vows secretly under a special dispensation.
1574	01/09	The death at Naples of Jasper Haywood, superior of the English mission. As a boy he was one of the pages of honor to the Princess Elizabeth. After a brilliant career at Oxford, he renounced his fellowship and entered the Society in Rome in 1570. An able Hebrew scholar and theologians, he was for two years professor in the Roman College.
1576	07/16	Pope Gregory XIII, by his Constitution “Quaecumque sacrarum religionum”, exempetd members of the Society from attendance at public processions.
1577	12/21	At Rome, Juan de Polanco died, secretary to the Society and a dear friend of St. Ignatius.
1578	02/03	The death of Thomas Nelson, martyred at Tyburn by being hanged, drawn and quartered.
1578	03/24	At Lisbon Rodolf Acquaviva and 13 companions embarked for India. Among the companions were Matthew Ricci and Michael Ruggieri.
1578	06/25	The death in Clare, Ireland, of David Wolfe, pioneer Jesuit of the Irish mission, after five years imprisonment.
1578	10/17	Robert Bellarmine entered the Jesuit novitiate of Sant' Andrea in Rome at the age of 16.
1579	04/23	At Rome, the appointment of Alphonsus Agazzari, the first Jesuit rector of the English College which had been founded by Pope Gregory XIII.
1579	07/14	At Lisbon, the death of Simão Rodrigues, one of the first companions.
1579	07/15	The death in Lisbon of Simón Rodriíguez, one of the first companions of Ignatius who assigned him to be companion of Francis Xavier to the Indies but had to yield to the request of King John III of Portugal who wanted to keep Rodriíguez in that country.
1579	07/25	The arrival in Japan of Alexander Valignano, who came to visit the 59 Jesuit missionaries working there in uncertain circumstances due to the constant changes in power between those who favored and those who opposed the work of the Society.
1579	11/17	Blessed Rudolph Acquaviva and two other Jesuits set out from Goa for Surat and Fattiphur, the Court of Akbar, the Great Mogul.
1580	07/03	Queen Elizabeth I issued a statute forbidding Jesuits all entrance into England.
1581	01/10	Queen Elizabeth signed the fifth Penal Statute in England inflicting heavy fines and imprisonment on all who harbored Jesuits and Seminary priests.
1581	04/22	At the close of the fourth general congregation, Pope Gregory XIII received the new general, Claude Acquaviva, and promised to provide a foundation fund for the Roman College.
1581	07/17	St. Edmund Campion was arrested in England.
1581	07/19	The birth of Giuseppe Castiglione, a Jesuit brother and a skilled Italian painter who at age 27 set sail for China where he undertook the role of the official painter to this distant court with the positive conviction that art was above all a means of carrying out his evangelical mission.
1581	08/08	Anthony Possevino was received with extraordinary honors by Basilowicz, the Czar of Russia.
1581	12/01	At Tyburn in London, St. Edmund Campion and Alexander Briant were martyred.
1582	01/11	At Rome, Cardinal Guastavillani laid the foundation stone of the new building that would become the Roman College.
1582	02/20	Three Japanese princes sailed from Japan for Rome to pay homage to Pope Gregory XIII. Father Valignani, who arranged the embassy, accompanied them as far as Goa.
1582	05/30	At Tyrburn, the martyrdom of Thomas Cottam with three other priests.
1582	10/05	The Gregorian Calendar went into effect. Christopher Clavius SJ helped create this modification that suppressed the days between October 5 and 15 in order to bring the calendar into line with astronomical facts. Countries which did not like the pope liked his calendar even less, so it was not until the 20th century that all countries adopted it as their civil calendar.
1582	10/15	St. Teresa of Avila died on this day, the first of the new Gregorian calendar. She always wished to have a Jesuit as her confessor.
1583	07/25	The martyrdom near Goa, India, of Rudolph Aquaviva, Pater Berno, Francio Aranha, Alphonsus Pacheco and Anthony Francisco.
1584	11/25	The Church of the Gesu, built in Rome for the Society by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, was solemnly consecrated.
1584	12/05	By his bull Omnipotentis Dei, Pope Gregory XIII gave the title of Primaria to Our Lady's Sodality established in the Roman College in 1564, and empowered it to aggregate other similar sodalities.
1585	01/12	At Rome, Cardinal Guastavillani laid the foundation stone of the new building that would become the Roman College.
1585	02/13	At Naples, the death of Alfonso Salmeron, one of the first companions.
1585	02/27	Father General Acquaviva wrote a severe letter forbidding members of the Society to meddle with politics after the Jesuit, Claude Mathieu, and the League (Ste. Union de France) sought to hinder King Henry of Navarre, a Protestant, from succeeding to the throne.
1585	03/22	In Rome, the three Japanese ambassadors were received by Father General with great solemnity in the Society's Church of the Gesu.
1586	04/20	The first Ratio Studiorum was issued under Father General Claude Aquaviva.
1587	03/27	The death at Messina of Thomas Evans, a Jesuit who had suffered imprisonment for his defense of the Catholic faith in England. He was 28 at the time of his death.
1588	10/03	The death of Pompeio Capuano, an Italian novice from an illustrious family. When he asked his father's leave to enter the Society, his father shut him up in a dark room and treated him like a madman.
1589	03/02	At Rome, the death of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, grandson of Pope Paul III, great benefactor of the Society, and founder/builder of the Gesù.
1590	03/03	At Castiglione, his native place, St. Aloysius preached to the people with such fervor that crowds flocked to the confessionals.
1590	09/23	The death of Nicolás Bobadilla, the last survivor of the original companions who founded the Society of Jesus.
1593	12/19	At Rome St. Robert Bellarmine was appointed rector of the Roman College.
1594	10/16	Students of the English College in Rome broke into a sort of rebellion against the Jesuits in charge there.
1594	12/18	At Florence the apparition of St. Ignatius to St. Mary Magdalen de' Pazzi.
1595	04/30	The death of Abraham George, the first of eight Jesuit martyrs in Ethiopia.
1597	07/27	The death at Cracow of James Vujek, Polish jesuit appointed by King Stephen tutor to Prince Sigismund. Vujek translated the Bible into Polish.
1597	10/04	John Gerard managed a marvelous escape from the Tower of London.
1598	01/01	The death of Alphonsus Barréna, surnamed the Apostle of Peru; he was the first to carry the faith to the Guaranis and Chiquitos in Paraguay.
1600	02/06	At Nanking, Matteo Ricci, after being expelled from this city, returned and opened a seminary.
1600	05/28	Matteo Ricci, undismayed by the failure of his first visit to Peking, set out again from Nanking with many rich presents for the Emperor, of which he was robbed on the way.
1601	01/08	The birth of Balthasar Gracian, a Spanish Jesuit who wrote on courtly matters. He is the author of "The Compleat Gentleman" and "The Art of Worldly Wisdom."
1602	03/21	The second Disputatio de Auxiliis before Pope Clement VIII took place between Gregory de Valentia SJ, and Thomas de Lemos OP.
1603	03/06	Father General Acquaviva wrote a letter to all Jesuits saying that he and Robert Bellarmine had left nothing undone to prevent the latter's promotion to the cardinalate.
1603	04/25	Gregory de Valentia, A Spanish Jesuit, died at Naples. A renowned theologian, Pope Clement VIII honored him with the title "Doctor of Doctors."
1604	10/18	The foundation in Bogotá, Colombia of Colegio Sante Fe; it is the oldest university in Colombia and the third oldest in the Americas, following those in Mexico and Lima.
1606	01/20	The death at Macao of Alexander Valignano, superior of all the Jesuit missions in the Far East for 33 years and architect of the missionary policies there.
1606	03/28	At the Guildhall, London, the trial of Henry Garnet, falsely accused of complicity in the Gunpowder Plot.
1606	05/03	The martyrdom at St. Paul’s Churchyard, London, of Henry Garnet, superior of the Jesuits in England, falsely charged in the Gunpowder Plot.
1608	06/23	The martyrdom in London, England, of Thomas Garnet.
1609	07/27	Paul V beatified Ignatius.
1610	05/11	The death in Peking (Beijing) of Mateo Ricci, the Italian Jesuit mathematician and founder of the modern missions in China, the first to introduce the Christian faith there.
1610	10/27	The first entrance of the Jesuits into Canada.
1611	02/26	At Ferrara the death of Anthony Possevino, an Italian employed by Gregory XIII for embassies to Sweden, Russia, Poland and Germany. He founded colleges and seminaries in Cracow, Olmutz, Prague, Braunsberg and Vilna. He also wrote 24 books.
1611	06/22	The first Jesuits arrived in Canada, sent by Father General Claudio Aquaviva, at the request of King Henry IV of France.
1611	07/02	Death of St. Bernardino Realino, parish priest in Italy for many years.
1611	09/22	The death of Peter Ribadeneira, aged 85, who had been admitted by St. Ignatius into the Society at the age of fourteen. He became an eloquent preacher, a great missioner, and a gifted writer.
1614	11/03	The vessel which was bringing the right arm of Xavier to Rome miraculously escaped capture by Dutch pirates.
1614	11/06	The death in Nagasaki, Japan, of Servant of God James de Mesquita who died before being exiled from that country where he had been a missionary.
1615	01/31	The death of Father General Claudio Aquaviva, the fifth superior general of the Society, who governed for 34 years, the longest term of office of any Jesuit general.
1615	03/05	At Belmont, England, Thomas Pond died. He was among the first to introduce Jesuit missioners into England.
1615	06/27	The Holy See gave permission to the Jesuits of China to celebrate Mass with heads covered, to translate the Bible into Chinese and to administer the sacraments in that same language.
1616	02/21	Alphonsus Rodriguez, 90, master of novices for 40 years and author of a famous text on religious life "The Practice of Religious Perfection" died at Seville.
1617	09/25	The death in Lisbon of Father Francisco Suárez, one of the foremostphilosophers and theologians of the Society of Jesus.
1617	10/31	The death in Mallorca, of St. Alphonsus Rodríguez, a Jesuit brother famous for faithful service as porter of the college.
1618	10/12	The death in Bavaria of Servant of God, James Rem, who cared for boarding students in Ingolstadt and developed the Sodality there.
1618	12/06	In Naples, the Jesuits were blamed for proposing to the Viceroy that a solemn feast should be held in honor of the Immaculate Conception, and a public pledge be taken to defend that doctrine. This was regarded as a novelty not to be encouraged.
1619	01/02	At Rome, St. John Berchmans and Bartholomew Penneman, his companion scholastic from Belgium, entered the Roman College.
1619	01/04	The English mission is raised to the status of a province.
1622	03/12	At Rome, the canonization of Ignatius and Francis Xavier by Pope Gregory XV.
1622	09/15	In Quito, en the college seminary of St. Louis, the Jesuits founded the University of Gregory the Great.
1624	02/22	The martyrdom at Sendai, Japan, of James Carvalho, who ministered to miners in the northern islands of Japan until the local ruler turned against the Christians and killed Carvalho by exposing him in the frigid waters of a river.
1626	05/07	The death of John Baptist de Baeza, who is said to have baptized over 75,000 adults in Goa, Macao, mozambique and Japan within three years.
1626	06/20	The martyrdom at Nagasaki, Japan, of Blesseds Francis Pacheco, John Baptist Zola, Vincent Caun, Balthasar de Torres, Michael Tozo, Gaspar Sadamatzu, John Kinsaco, Paul Xinsuki, and Peter Rinscei.
1628	11/15	The martyrdom in Uruguay of St. Roch González, one of the main architects of the Jesuit missions on the River Plate in Paraguay, and St. Alphonsus Rodríguez.
1629	11/28	The martyrdom in Nagasaki, Japan, of Blessed Leonardo Kimura, who was burned to death.
1631	12/15	At Naples, during an earthquake and eruption of Mount Vesuvius, the Jesuits worked to help all classes of people.
1632	04/11	At Lima, Peru, Ruiz de Montaya died. A Portuguese, he was called the Apostle of Paraguay because of the thousands of people he converted.
1632	10/29	At Alost, Belgium, a scholastic, William Assliers, seeing one Jesuit dying and another about to leave the Society, prayed that he might sooner die than lose his vocation. He died within a few days.
1633	08/28	The martyrdom in Japan of the Italian Jesuit, Jácome An tonio Granoni.
1634	03/25	Arrival in Maryland of Andrew White and companions, founder of the mission.
1636	10/02	St. Isaac Jogues first set foot on the shores of the New World after two stormy months on the ocean.
1637	12/26	Cardinal Richelieu, the French Prime Minister, banished the Jesuit Nicolás Caussin, confessor of Louis XIII, who had incurred the wrath of the omnipotent minister for giving the king scruples about the cruel treatment and isolation of the queen mother, his treatment of his wife, and excessive taxation.
1640	01/22	The death in Lima, Perú of Juan Almeida, a Brasilian Jesuit with the gift of prophecy who was an apostle to the native people.
1642	11/30	The birth at Trent of Brother Andrea Pozzo, who was called to Rome in 1681 to paint the flat ceiling of the church of San Ignazio so that it would look as though there were a dome above. There had been a plan for a dome but there was not money to build it.
1643	05/12	The death in Canada of Enemundo Massé, the first apostle to preach the Good News in that territory subsequently known as New France.
1645	02/01	The death of Henry Morse, known as the "Priest of the Plague" because of his care for the plague-stricken. He was martyred at Tyburn, England, by being hanged, drawn and quartered.
1645	08/03	The death of Ven. Brian Cansfield, missionary to England for 25 years. He was arrested while celebrating Mass, and suffered such a beating in prison that he died a few days after he was released.
1646	11/09	In England, Edmund Neville died after nine months imprisonment and ill-treatment. An heir to large estates in Westmoreland, the Jesuit was educated in the English College and spent 40 years working in England.
1647	05/26	Massachusetts passed a law banning Jesuits; they would be put to death if they returned after banishment.
1648	04/26	At Madrid, the death of John de Ripalda, an eminent theologian who held the chair of theology at Salamanca.
1648	07/04	The martyrdom in Canada of St. Athony Daniel, who was shot with arrows and cast into flames by the Iroquois.
1649	06/08	The death of Vincenzo Caraffa, seventh superior general of the Society.
1649	12/07	The martyrdom in Etarita, Canada, of St. Charles Garnier, missionary to the Petun Indians, among whom he died during an Iroquois attack.
1649	12/22	At Cork the death of David Glawey, a missionary in the Inner and Lower Hebrides, Islay, Oronsay, Colonsay, Arran.
1650	07/18	The death of Cristopher Scheiner, a physicist, astronomer and geometer who discovered sun spots independently of Galileo and created one of the first terrestrial telescopes.
1651	05/19	The martyrdom at Tyburn, England, of Blessed Peter Wright, a former soldier who returned to his homeland as a Jesuit and was hanged.
1652	03/17	Goswin Nickel is elected superior general in succession to Father General Gottifredi, who had died six weeks after his election.
1656	01/23	Pascal published his first Provincial Letter against the Society of Jesus. Other letters followed at intervals. Though condemned at Rome and publicly burnt by the French King's order, they were influential in portraying Jesuits very unfavorably.
1657	05/16	The martyrdom at Janóv, Poland, of St. Andrzej Bobola, killed by Cossacks for his defense of faith.
1658	10/25	Claude la Colombière entered the novitiate at Avignon.
1660	11/05	The death of Alexander de Rhodes, one of the most effective Jesuit missionaries of all time. A native of France, he arrived in what is now Vietnam in 1625.
1661	11/02	The death of Daniel Seghers, an artist famous for his paintings of insects and flowers.
1661	12/12	In the College of Clermont, Paris, James Caret publicly defended the doctrine of papal infallibility, causing great excitement among the Gallicans and Jansenists.
1665	04/21	At Bordeaux the death of John Joseph Surin, who entered the Society at the age of 15. He was a man of great sanctity and venerated after death as a saint. For 20 years he was cruelly tormented by evil spirits, after exorcising certain Religious in a convent at Loudon.
1666	08/25	At Beijing, the death of John Adam Schall whose profound knowledge of mathematics and astronomy won him such fame that the Emperor entrusted to him the reform of the Chinese calendar.
1669	04/06	At Paris, St. Claude de la Colombiere was ordained a priest.
1670	06/14	The death of Francis Annat, confessor of Louis XIV for 16 years. He introduced quinine, then known as "Jesuit's bark" in France and was instrumental in saving Louis XIV's life.
1673	06/17	Jacques Marquette became one of the first Europeans to see the Mississippi River.
1675	05/18	The death in Canada, at age 37, of James Marquette, Jesuit missionary who gained lasting reknown for exploring the Mississippi River.
1675	06/16	St. Margaret Mary Alacoque received her great revelation about devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
1676	11/11	In St James' Palace, London, St. Claude la Colombiére preached on All Saints Day.
1678	11/26	In London the arrest and imprisonment of St. Claude la Colombiére. He was released after five weeks and banished.
1679	01/24	The martyrdom in London of William Ireland, procurator for the English Jesuits. He was falsely accused of plotting to kill the king.
1679	06/20	The martyrdom in London of Blesseds William Harcourt, John Gavan and Anthony Turner.
1679	07/22	The martyrdom at Cardiff, Wales, of St. Philip Evans.
1680	11/27	In Rome the death of Athanasius Kircher, considered a universal genius, but especially knowledgeable in science and archeology.
1682	07/05	General Congregation XII elected Father Charles de Noyelle Superior General of the Society of Jesus.
1683	01/28	The death of Blessed Julian Maunoir, known as the 'Apostle of Brittany' for preaching missions to the poor in the northwest of France.
1686	12/11	At Rome the death of Charles de Noyelle, a Belgian, 12th superior general of the Society.
1687	07/06	Father General Tirso González was elected Superior General of the Society of Jesus at 66 years of age; he governed for 18 years.
1688	01/29	The death of Ferdinand Verbiest, the successor to Adam Schall as mathematical professor at the imperial court in Peking and superior of the Society in China.
1688	10/11	King Louis XIV forbade all correspondence and interchange between the French Jesuits and Father General Thyrsus Gonzalez.
1690	10/17	The death at Paray-le-Monial, France, of St. Margaret Mary Alacoque; with St. Claude la Colombière she was greatly responsible for the early spread of devotion to the Sacred Heart.
1693	02/04	The martyrdom in India of St. Joan de Brito, born into the Portuguese aristocracy and a member of the royal court, who devised a method of working with various castes in India.
1697	10/19	The Milanese missionary Juan María Salvatierra arrived in California, carrying an image of the Virgin of Loreto.
1699	10/07	The remains of Ignatius reached their sixth and final resting place in the altar-shrine in the church of the Gesù in Rome.
1700	02/23	The death of Paul Hoste, mathematician and expert historian on construction of ships and naval warfare.
1705	01/21	The death of Claude Francois Menestrier, the writer of a classic history of ballet and the creator of a ballet for Louis XIV.
1706	01/17	The Fifteenth General Congregation opened; on Jan. 31 it elected Michael Angelo Tamburini superior general.
1711	03/15	The death of Eusebio Francisco Kino, missionary in Lower California and Arizona, noted for his far-ranging exploration and accurate mapmaking.
1715	03/19	Pope Clement XI condemned the "Chinese Rites"; this action proved disastrous to the Chinese mission.
1717	11/07	The death in Poffi, Italy, of St. Anthony Baldinucci, the great itinerant home missionary who preached to people near Rome and averaged 22 missions a year.
1722	09/05	King Philip V authorized the Society to found a college in the city of Santafé de Antioquia (Colombia); it was the first college founded in that province.
1723	10/11	The deaths in Vietnam of Servants of God John Baptist Messari and Francis Mary Bucherelli, martyrs.
1731	09/14	The death of Servant of God Francis Mary Galluzzi, confessor, preacher and counsellor in Rome, noted for his holiness and spiritual influence on students at the Roman College.
1737	04/05	The canonization of St. John Francis Regis by Pope Clement XII.
1741	12/09	At Paris, Charles Poree died. He was a famous master of rhetoric. Nineteen of his pupils were admitted into the French Academy, including Voltaire, who, in spite of his impiety, always felt an affectionate regard for his old Jesuit master.
1742	06/11	Pope Benedict XIV forbade the Chinese and Malabar Rites; persecution broke out at once in China.
1742	07/11	Pope Benedict XIV ended the controversy between Jesuits and other religious orders over the Chinese and Malabar Rites by forbidding the Jesuits to continue the liturgical practices they had long used in China.
1746	12/17	Benedict XIV annulled the Constitution of Pope Innocent X which required a general congregation of the Society every nine years.
1747	09/17	The death of Juan Prímoli, a Jesuit brother who had exceptional talents as an architect and built the cathedral of Córdoba and various churches in Buenos Aires.
1751	07/04	General Congregation XVII elected 69-year-old Ignacio Visconti to be superior general. An affable man known as the "angel of peace," he governed four years.
1758	05/09	The 19th General Congregation opened, the last of the Old Society. It elected Lorenzo Ricci as superior general.
1758	05/21	General Congregation XIX elected Lorenzo Ricci, 58 year-old Florentine Jesuit, as superior general in a time of great uncertainty, with the papal throne vacant after the death of Benedict XIV.
1759	09/16	At Lisbon, 133 fathers and brothers of the Society were put on board a vessel to be conveyed as exiles to Civita Vecchia.
1759	10/24	One hundred thirty-three Jesuits, banished from Portugal and put ashore at Civita Vecchia, were most kindly received by Clement XIII and by the religious communities, especially the Dominicans.
1759	11/21	At Livorno, the harbor officials refused to let the ship, S. Bonaventura with 120 exiled Portugese Jesuits on board, cast anchor. Carvalho sent orders to the Governor of Rio de Janeiro to make a diligent search for the supposed wealth of the Jesuits.
1759	11/28	Twenty Fathers and 192 Scholastics set sail from the Tagus for exile. Two were to die on the voyage to Genoa and Civita Vecchia.
1760	11/12	Empress Maria Teresa of Austria decreed that the chairs of theology in all the universities within her domain should be held by Dominicans or Augustinians to avoid the "corrupt doctrine taught by the Jesuits."
1762	08/05	The Parliament at Paris condemned the Society’s Institute as opposed to natural law, confiscated all Jesuit property and forbade the Jesuit habit and community life.
1763	10/20	In a pastoral letter read in all his churches, the Archbishop of Paris expressed his bitter regret at the suppression of the society in France. He described it as a veritable calamity for his country.
1764	03/09	In France the government ordered all Jesuits to abjure the Institute or face exile. Only 15 out of approximately 4,000 members took the oath.
1767	03/11	At Madrid Fathers Thomas de Lorrain and Bernard Recio, leaving for the Provincial Congregation in Rome, received a sealed parcel said to come from the nuncio. They were requested to take it to someone in Rome. It contained a letter forged by de Choiseul and de Aranda, the prime ministers of France and Spain, and purporting to come from Fther General Ricci alleging Charles II to be illegitimate. Both priests were arrested on their journey and brought back prisoners to Madrid. The forged document was shown to the king, whose previous affection for the Society turned into most bitter hatred.
1767	04/03	St. Joseph Pignatelli was expelled from Spain along with all other Jesuits there. He began his career of holding together the suppressed Society at age 30, and once again saw the Society permitted to accept novices when he was 57 years old, but he did not live to see its restoration in 1814.
1767	07/10	All the Jesuits in Paraguay were arrested by order of Charkes III of Spain and led into exile. There were 385 priests, 109 brothers, 59 scholastics and 11 novices.
1767	09/09	Under the order of Charles III, the 465 Jesuits working in Perú had to abandon their apostolic efforts.
1768	01/14	The Society of Jesus was banished from the Duchy of Parma, the result of pressure exercised on the Grand Duke by Choiseul of France.
1768	11/04	On the feast of St. Charles, patron of Charles III, King of Spain, the people of Madrid asked for the recall of the Jesuits who had been banished from Spain 19 months earlier. Irritated by this demand, the King drove the Archbishop of Toledo and his Vicar General into exile as instigators of the movement.
1769	05/19	The election of Cardinal Lorenzo Ganganelli as Pope Clement XIV. He was the pope who suppressed the Society.
1769	11/08	In Spain, Charles III ordered all of the Society's goods to be sold, and sent a peremptory demand to the newly-elected Pope Clement XIV to have the Society suppressed.
1772	03/23	At Rome, Cardinal Marefoschi held a visitation of the Irish College and accused the Jesuits of mismanagement. He then removed them from directing that school.
1773	02/10	A copy of the proposed Brief of Suppression of the Society of Jesus, drawn up by Monino (Florida Blanca), the Spanish Ambassador, and revised by Cardinal Zelada, was sent with Pope Clement XIV's leave, given reluctantly, to Charles III of Spain, to be communicated by him to the Courts of France, Austria, Portugal and Naples.
1773	05/25	The scholastics at Bologna, Italy, pressed immediately before the suppression by Cardinal Malvezzi to take off their religious habit and accept dispensation from their vows, refused to listen to him.
1773	07/21	Pope Clement XIV issued “Dominus ac Redemptor”, an Apostolic Brief, suppressing the Society of Jesus.
1773	08/13	Pope Clement XIV published the Brief "Gravissimis ex causis" which established a special congregation of five cardinals to superintend the Suppression of the Society of Jesus and the appropriation of its houses and goods.
1773	08/16	The suppression of the Society of Jesus came with the publication of Clement XIV’s Brief “Dominus ac Redemptor.” Father General Lorenzo Ricci was led away as a prisoner to the English College.
1773	08/17	Frederik II of Prussia and Catherine of Russia forbade the publication of the Brief of Suppression in their dominions.
1773	10/06	In London, Dr. James Talbot, the Apostolic Vicar, promulgated the Letter of Suppression of the Society, and sent copies to Maryland and Pennsylvania.
1773	11/29	The Jesuits of White Russia requested the Empress Catherine to allow the Letter of Suppression to be published, as it had been all over Europe. "She bade them lay aside their scruples, promising to obtain the Papal sanction for their remaining in status quo."
1774	04/24	Christopher de Beaumont, Archbishop of Paris, wrote to Pope Clement XIV, regretting the Brief of Suppression.
1775	02/15	Cardinal Braschi was elected Pope Pius VI. A former pupil of the Society of Jesus, he desired the release of Father General Ricci and his assistants from prison in Castel San Angelo, but Charles III of Spain insisted on their detention.
1778	04/15	Empress Catherine the Great requested the Holy See that the Jesuits in White Russia (the only ones in the world, all others having been suppressed) might have a novitiate. She received the answer that the local bishop should do as he thought best.
1780	02/02	Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, visited the recently established novitiate at Polotsk, for which she had given permission and which helped make possible the survival of the Society during the suppression years.
1782	06/25	The Jesuits in White Russia were permitted by the Empress Catherine to elect a superior general. They chose Father Czerniewicz, who took the title of vicar general, with the powers of the general.
1787	02/12	At Milan the death of Rudiger Boscovich, among the most famous scientists in Jesuit history. His theory of the composition of matter foreshadowed in part modern atomic theory.
1789	11/06	Father John Carroll of Maryland, a Jesuit until the Suppression, was appointed to be the first Bishop of Baltimore.
1791	11/22	Georgetown Academy opened with one student, aged 12, who was the first student taught by the Jesuits in the United States.
1792	04/14	The death of Maximilian Hell at Vienna. He was an astronomer who directed the royal observatory for 36 years.
1798	07/01	The colossal silver statue of Ignatius in the Gesù in Roma was carried off by French officials during the revolution and melted down. (The exact day is uncertain.)
1800	03/14	At Venice, the election of Pope Pius VII (Cardinal Chiaramonti), a Benedictine, who in 1814 restored the Society throughout the world.
1801	03/07	"Second Confirmation" Day: Pius VII in his brief Catholicae Fidei confirmed Franciszek Kareu as Superior General of the Jesuits in Russia. Thereafter Pius VII wrote to Kereu as "General of the Society of Jesus."
1802	12/28	Pope Pius VII allowed Father General Gabriel Gruber to affiliate the English Jesuits to the Society of Jesus in Russia.
1803	02/19	At St. Inigo's, Maryland, James Walton died. He entered the Society in 1757, was sent to Maryland in 1766 and labored for 36 years. During the Suppression, fully confident that the Society would one day be restored, he faithfully guarded the property of the Society which had been invested chiefly in his name.
1811	02/16	At Dublin, the death of Thomas Betagh, the last survivor of the Irish Jesuits of the Old Society. When the Society was suppressed, he opened a Latin school in Dublin and became curate of St. Michael's Church there.
1815	05/29	The restoration of the Society in Spain was proclaimed by royal decree.
1815	12/20	Alexander I was published a Ukase banishing the Society of Jesus from St. Petersburg and Moscow on the pretext that they were troubling the Russian Church.
1816	01/03	Father General Brzozowski and 25 members of the Society, guarded by soldiers, left St. Petersburg, Russia, having been banished by the civil government.
1816	05/06	In a letter to Thomas Jefferson, John Adams called Jesuits “a body of men worthy of damnation.”
1820	03/13	In Russia, an imperial ukase of Czar Alexander I banished all Jesuits from the Empire where the Society had survived from 1773 until the restoration in 1814.
1820	09/06	King Ferdinand VII suppressed the Society of Jesus in Spain
1820	10/09	The 20th General Congregation of the Society opened. The first to be held by the restored Society, it elected Luigi Fortis as superior General.
1824	05/17	Pope Leo XIII returned the Roman College to the Society.
1829	01/06	Publication of Pope Leo XII's rescript, declaring the Society to be canonically restored in England.
1829	01/27	The death of Father General Luigi Fortis, the 20th superior general of the Society of Jesus, who led the reconstruction of the Society when it was restored after the Suppression.
1829	06/30	The opening of the Twenty-First General Congregation, which elected John Roothan as superior general.
1829	08/26	The death of Ven. Aloysius Mary Solari, a teacher who became a powerful preacher noted for his Friday sermons on the Sacred Heart of Jesus. After only five years in Benevento, southern Italy, he fell suddenly ill, presumably from scarlet fever, and died at age 34.
1831	02/14	The French novitiate at Montrouge near Paris was sacked by revolutionaries convinced that the novices there were practicing "small arms drills" in preparation for the Society's conquering France.
1831	02/24	Father General John Roothaan's September 28, 1830, letter declaring Missouri an independent mission (from Maryland) finally reached the Missouri Jesuits. This status gave the Mission the privilege of having its own novitiate.
1833	02/01	Father General John Roothaan wrote the Ordinatio de Mineverali that granted Jesuit schools permission to charge tuition in line with other reputable day schools in the country. Poor students, however, were not to be turned away.
1834	05/24	Don Pedro IV expelled the Society from Brazil
1834	12/27	Father General Johann Roothaan published an influential letter on the excellence of the Spiritual Exercises and the need for diligent study and good use of them.
1835	07/07	The Society in Spain was again suppressed and its property seized.
1840	03/27	Peter de Smet set out from St. Louis on his first trip to the Rocky Mountains at the invitation of a delegation from the Salishan people in what is now Montana. This exploratory trip resulted in starting a mission to the Indians a year later.
1840	07/23	The Belgian missionary Fr. Jean Pierre De Smet dedicated the mission that he and five companions were en route to establish in the U.S.A.'s Rocky Mountains to "St. Ignatius, Patron of the Mountains"
1841	08/17	The death of S.G. Charles Odescalchi (1786-1841), a cardinal of the Church who waited 20 years to become a Jesuit. He was one of the first to apply to enter the Society after it was restored in 1814, but family pressure and papal resistance kept him from doing so. In 1823 he was named a cardinal and consecrated archbishop of Ferrara, and later was appointed the vicar of Pope Gregory XVI for the diocese of Rome. Finally Odescalchi’s ill health led the pope to permit him to enter the novitiate, which he did in 1838. After he pronounced his vows, he served as spiritual father to young Jesuits at the seminary in Modena.
1842	04/28	The Republic of Colombia passed a law permitting Jesuits to return to that country some years after the universal restoration of the Society.
1844	06/18	Seventeen Jesuits arrived in Bogotá, Colombia, to reestablish the Society 80 years after Jesuits were banished.
1845	06/12	Pope Gregory XVI refused the demand of the French government that the French Jesuits should be secularized and their houses closed.
1848	03/10	At Naples a mob threatened to massacre the Jesuits unless they left the city at once.
1848	05/10	The Austro-Hungarian government decreed the suppression of the Society of Jesus in all its empire.
1851	09/21	In Rome at the Basillica of St. Peter, Pope Piux IX beatified Peter Claver, "The apostle of the slaves."
1856	06/06	The expulsion of Jesuits from Mexico, under the presidency of Ignacio Comonfort.
1857	10/13	The death in Naples of Ven. Paul Anthony Capelloni, pastor of the Gesù Nuovo.
1859	04/27	At Florence, under pressure from the Freemasons, the Society of Jesus was banished.
1860	01/16	At Calcutta, Belgian Jesuits opened St. Francis Xavier College.
1860	09/11	The Jesuits were expelled from Sicily and all their possessions confiscated.
1861	07/26	The dictator and persecutor of the Church, Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, published a decree expelling Jesuits from Nueva Granada (Colombia); 52 Jesuits abandonned their homeland for the third time, going into exile in Guatemala.
1864	11/20	In St. Peter's, Rome, the beatification of Peter Canisius by Pope Pius IX.
1866	07/17	Gerard Manley Hopkins decided to become catholic.
1867	07/07	The beatification of the 205 Japanese Martyrs, 33 of them members of the Society of Jesus.
1868	08/10	The Society was expelled from Mexico and all its property confiscated.
1870	12/04	The Roman College, appropriated by the Piedmontese government, was reopened as a lyceum. The monogram of the Society over the main entrance was removed.
1871	08/12	The Society was expelled from Guatemala.
1872	07/20	In Roma gangs of miscreants paraded the streets crying out: “Death to the Friars! Death to the Jesuits!”
1872	08/22	Jesuits were expelled from Germany during Bismarck's Kulturkampf.
1873	04/04	In Mexico a law to expel the Society was proposed in Parliament.
1873	05/01	In Rome the Italian Parliament passed a law declaring religious orders non-existent in Italy, and ownership of all their properties passed to the state.
1873	06/19	In Rome, Victor Emmanuel and his parliament explicitly exclude the general of the Society from any pension.
1873	10/20	At Rome all of the Society's houses, including the Gesù and the Curia, were appropriated by the government.
1874	05/23	The death in St. Louis, Missouri, of Peter De Smet, intrepid Belgian missionary, who founded the Rocky Mountain Missions in the western United States and crossed the Atlantic 19 times in search of economic resources and vocations to staff the growing church.
1879	08/04	Pope Leo XIII published his encyclical Aeterni Patris affirming the importance of the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas.
1879	08/07	The New York Province was established.
1880	03/16	The French Parliament passed a bill sponsored by Jules Ferry's for the closing of all the Society's houses and colleges in France.
1881	05/04	The Society was expelled from the Republic of Nicaragua.
1881	06/26	Eighty-three Jesuits were banished by the Republic of Nicaragua.
1883	09/16	General Congregation 23 convened and choose as Vicar with right of succession the Swiss Jesuit Anton Anderley. In its Decree 46 the Congregation dedicated the Society of Jesus to promoting devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
1886	12/29	Publication of the beatification decree of the English martyrs.
1887	03/05	The funeral of Father General Peter Beckx, 22nd superior general of the Society, who served his brothers in that office for 34 years.
1889	06/08	The death of the jesuit poet, Gerard Manley Hopkins in Dublin at the age of 45.
1890	02/08	At Rome in the Palazzo Barberini, the death of Cardinal Joseph Pecci who left the Society of Jesus in 1847 but was readmitted 40 years later at the request of his brother, Pope Leo XIII.
1892	01/18	The death at Fiesole of Father General Anthony Anderledy, 23rd superior general of the Society.
1900	06/17	The martyrdom at Wuyi, China, of Blessed Modeste Andlauer and Blessed Rémy Aroré, slain during the Boxer Rebellion.
1900	07/20	The death in China of Sts. Paul Denn and Leo Mangin, martyrs of the Boxer Rebellion; the Church celebrates their feast on Feb. 4
1909	04/17	In the United States, America Magazine began publication.
1909	05/15	The death in Quito, Ecuador, of Italian Jesuit Luis Sodiro, a key scientific figure in Latin America, who developed a botanic collection that formed the base for the National Botanical Garden in Quito.
1909	06/29	St. Pius X entrusted the Pontifical Biblical Institute to the Society.
1909	09/07	Father General Franz Wernz established the province of Austria.
1913	04/09	Pope St. Pius X spoke his praises of the Apostleship of Prayer which counted 25 million members. The periodical The Messenger of the Sacred Heart appears in 42 editions in more than 20 languages.
1914	08/19	The death of Father General Francis Xavier Wernz, thirty-fifth superior general. A noted canonist, he devoted himself to the internal life of the Society.
1915	02/11	Wlodimir Ledochowski was elected 26th superior general of the Society.
1915	03/01	At the 26th General Congregation, the American Assistancy of the Society was established, consisting of the provinces then existent in the United States: Maryland-New York, Missouri, New Orleans and California. Thomas Gannon was named the first American Assistant.
1924	05/05	The Apostolic Letter of Pope Pius XI to Father General, recalling the distinguished merits of the Gregorian University and deciding to build a grand edifice.
1926	09/26	The death at the leprosarium in Culión, the Philippines, of Father Felipe Millán, known as the "Father of Lepers" after a life heroically dedicated to caring for the sick.
1927	10/04	The death in Mexico City of Servant of God Salvador Garcidueñas, pastor and guardian of the Shrine of Our Lady of the Angels
1928	02/09	Edward Garesche founded the Catholic Medical Mission Board in New York City.
1930	05/27	The death of José María Algué, one of the great meteorologists in the history of the world. He invented a machine to measure barometric pressure that saved many lives in the Far East.
1934	10/07	The deaths of Servants of God Emile Martínez and John Baptist Arconada, martyrs of Spain.
1936	07/24	The death of S.G. Braulio Martínez and Lawrence Isla, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War.
1936	08/14	The deaths of Servants of God Joachim Valentí, Louis Boguñá, and Joseph Vergés, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War, killed by machine gun fire the day after their arrests.
1936	08/23	The death of Servants of God Martin Santaella, Alphonsus Payán, and Emmanuel Luque, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War. They were imprisoned in a prison ship in the harbor at Almerí, in southern Spain. Fathers Alphonsus Payán and Emmanuel Luque were taken off the ship along with a large number of others and shot. Fr. Santaella was beaten and suffocated in a coal bunker on another ship.
1936	08/24	The death of S.G. Andrew Carrió, martyr of the Spanish Civil War who remained in Spain ministering to people after the Society was suppressed.
1936	09/08	The death Servant of God Richard Tena, martyr of the Spanish Civil War, who was too old and infirm to leave Spain as many other Jesuits had done. Despite his age, he was arrested and shot.
1936	09/12	Servant of God Emmanuel González (1889-1936), Martyr of the Spanish Civil War. Accused of supporting the nationalist movement against the communists, he was taken from prison in the middle of the night and executed.
1936	09/24	The death of Servant of God Ignatius de Velasco and six Companions, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War.
1936	11/04	The death in Tortosa, Spain, of Servants of God Francis Audí, John Rovira and Joseph Llatje, martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
1937	06/04	Chile was established as an independent vice-province.
1942	11/19	The death of Servant of God Joseph Mark Figueroa, a brother who served as porter of the Jesuit college in Santa Fe, Argentina, for 54 years; his profound love of God touched the whole city.
1944	07/20	An abortive plot against Hitler by General Claus von Stauffenberg and his assistants resulted in the arrest of the Jesuit, Alfred Delp.
1946	08/31	The death of S.G. Joseph Picco, faithful and humble minister. Despite his frail health Fr. Joseph Picco devoted himself to a variety of ordinary jobs over a long life of priestly service. He wanted to be a missionary in Alaska, but his mission was to assist others: an elderly Jesuit who needed health care during his final months, students at the major seminary in Turin where he was confessor, and retreatants in Gozzano.
1946	09/06	General Congregation XXIX convened to elect a new superior general; nine days later it chose the Belgian Jesuit, John Baptist Janssens.
1947	07/21	The death of Servant of God John Baptist Reus, a German who worked in Southern Brazil and is noted for his mystical prayer.
1948	10/01	The death in Portugal of Servant of God Francis Rodrigues da Cruz, famed as a confessor of the poor.
1948	10/21	A novitiate was established in the Belgian Congo for African Jesuits, with four novice scholastics.
1952	05/14	The inauguration in Bogotá, Colombia, of Casa de Ejercicios de Jesús Redentor, for workers and rural farmers.
1952	08/18	The death of Alberto Hurtado, writer, retreat director, trade unionist and founder of "El Hogar de Christo," a movement to help the homeless in Chile.
1955	01/15	The death of Daniel Lord, popular writer, U.S. director of the Sodality, founder of the Summer School of Catholic Action, and editor of The Queen's Work.
1955	04/10	The death of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, paleontologist and theologian.
1956	10/28	In La Vega, Republicnican Republic, the inauguration of Radio Santa María, a station founded by the Jesuits to provide popular or basic education throughout that country.
1956	11/01	The Society of Jesus was allowed into Norway.
1957	02/28	The Jesuit Volunteer Corps was founded in the United States.
1963	04/01	The death of Gerald Ellard, liturgist and one of the founders of the National Liturgical Conference.
1963	11/24	The death of John LaFarge, pioneer advocate of racial justice in the United States.
1965	05/22	Pedro Arrupe was elected the 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus.
1968	08/21	Father General Pedro Arrupe arrived in Medellín, Colombia, to take part in the conference of Latin American bishops that proved to be a pivotal moment in the Church's recognition of the central role of the option for justice.
1969	10/08	The death of Louis Twomey, an advocate of interracial justice and labor relations in the United States.
1972	08/20	The death of Pío Buck, a Swiss Jesuit known as the apostle of prisoners in Brasil; he was also famous as an entomologist.
1975	01/26	The death of Josef Jungmann, whose studies of liturgical history contributed to the reform of the liturgy.
1976	10/12	The murder in rural Brazil of Joao Bosco Burnier who was shot and killed by soldiers for protesting the torture of two poor women.
1977	03/12	Salvador Rutilio Grande, pastor and champion of campesinos, was assassinated on his way to celebrate Mass.
1978	06/27	The murder of Bernard Lisson, a mechanic, and Gregor Richert, a parish priest, shot to death at St Rupert's Mission, Sinoia, Zimbabwe.
1979	07/14	The assassination in Guyana of Brnard Darke, a photographer for the Catholic Standard, a diocesan newspaper.
1979	12/14	The death of Riccardo Lombardi, founder of the Better World Movement.
1980	03/07	Matthew Mannaparambil, a parish priest at Sasaram in Patna/Bihar, India, was assassinated.
1981	04/13	The death of Godofredo Alingal, who was shot and killed in his rectory in Kibawe, Philippines, for defending the rights of poor farmers.
1981	08/02	Carlos Perez Alonso, chaplain at a military hospital in Guatemala, disappeared and is presumed to have been killed during a period of repression.
1983	09/02	General Congregation 33 began in Rome with 220 delegates representing 26,000 Jesuits.
1983	11/14	Father General Peter-Hans Kolvenbach decreed that all independent vice-provinces in the Society should become provinces.
1983	12/28	The death in a Chinese labor camp of Francis Xavier Chu, a Jesuit born in Shanghai.
1984	12/08	The death of Walter Ciszek, prisoner in Russia from 1939 to 1963.
1985	10/30	In Mozambique the brutal assasination of Joao de Deus and Silvio Moreira, Portuguese Jesuits who were missionaries dedicated to the good of the people.
1987	06/02	The death of Anthony de Mello, author and retreat master.
1989	06/01	The death of Sergio Restrepo, whose defense of the rights of the powerless and of the environment made him a threat to the interests of the economic and political powers in Tierralta, Colombia.
1989	11/16	The assassination in San Salvador, El Salvador, of Ignacio Ellacuría, Ignacio Martín-Baró, Segundo Mondes, Joaquín López, Juan Ramón Moreno, and Amando López, along with their cook, Elba Julia Ramos, and her daughter Celina Maricet Ramos.
1991	02/05	At Rome, the death of Pedro Arrupe, 28th superior general of the Society of Jesus.
1991	08/27	In Bogotá, Colombia, the first meeting for those in charge of pastoral work in the Latin American universities of the Society of Jesus.
1992	05/31	The canonization of Claude de la Colombiere by Pope John Paul II, 63 years after he was beatified by Pius XI.
1994	07/12	"Symposium on the Vocation and Mission of the Jesuit Brother" opened in Loyola and functioned as a commission to prepare for the 34th General Congregation.
1996	10/27	Christophe Munzihirwa Mwene Ngabo SJ, archbishop of Bukavu in the Democratic Republic murderedo, was murdred. He had denounced the political and economic exploitation of hundreds of thousands of Rwandan refugees who sought refuge in Kivu.
St. Ignatius of Loyola SJ	07/31	The "Pilgrim" loved his vagabond years searching for God after a dramatic conversion yet became famous as the founder of the Society of Jesus.